Skull of Homo erectus Soloensis

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin, life size, from the skull of homo erectus Soloensis

Solo Man is the name given to a set of fossils belonging to the species Homo erectus, discovered since 1931 on several sites along the Solo River, in East Java, Indonesia.

The Ngandong fossils, namely 12 skulls or cranial fragments (with an estimated average capacity of 1,135 cm3) and 2 fragments of tibias are dated to approximately 112,000 years ago.

These fossils are the most recent known representatives of the species Homo erectus.

Solo Man was small. The Ngandong fossils, however, show increased cranial capacity compared to older specimens.

REF: SOLO

Skull of Homo sapiens “archaic” Qafzeh 9

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin, of the skull and lower jaw of “archaic” Homo sapiens Qafzeh 9

The first excavations of the Qafzeh site date from the 1930s. In 1965, the anthropologist Bernard Vandermeersch resumed excavations on the site. 25 skeletons were unearthed on the sites, as well as numerous elements proving the existence of a lithic industry. All the human remains are of modern humans and therefore belong to the species Homo sapiens. Some have features similar to those of Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. Discovered in 1967, the double burial consists of the body of a 20-year-old woman (Qafzeh 9) and that of a child of around 6 years old (Qafzeh 10). It was possible to demonstrate that these 2 individuals had been buried simultaneously. It is the only double burial known from the Mousterian period.

REF: QAFZ

Homo floresiensis Skull Man of Flores

Life-size bioplastic and resin reproduction of a Homo floresiensis skull discovered in September 2003, in a cave on the Indonesian island of Flores by Michaël Morwood and Radien P. Soejono

The researchers named this new species Homo floresiensis. Its small size can be explained by geographical isolation and endogamy. In certain works or popularization sites, this small size has earned the species the nickname Hobbit, in reference to the novels of JRR Tolkien.

Its specific characteristics, such as the proportions between the face and the skull, the bending of the base of the latter or the small canines, clearly suggest a descendant of Homo erectus and definitively distance it from the Australopithecus species.

dating between -95,000 and -20,000 years ago.

Size long 14.5 cm

REF: FLORES-r

Neander skull

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the skull discovered in the Neander Valley in 1856.

Discovered during quarrying, workers emptied a small cavity in the Neander Valley. There they discovered bones and a fragment of a skull which they gave to Johann Carl Fuhlrott, a teacher passionate about natural history. The name Neanderthal was given to this cap and to the new species

REF: CALNEAND

Neanderthal skull "woman of Quina" La Quina 5

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the Neanderthal skull "woman of Quina" La Quina 5 discovered in 1911 by Henri-Martin, probably a woman dated 71,000 years ago.

In 1911 the skeleton of the "woman of Quina" was found, then in 1916 the skull of a child. They belong to the Neanderthal group. In total, around ten human fossils were discovered, adults and children. They occupied the site between -71,000 and -40,000 years ago. Accompanying H5's bones, archaeologists found scrapers, points and a bola. This accumulation of objects could be a sign of a voluntary burial. Since 1986, excavations have brought to light other human remains in the Mousterian layers.

REF: QUINA5

Neanderthal skull "woman of Quina" La Quina 5

Neanderthal skull "child of la Quina" La Quina 18

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the Neanderthal skull "child of Quina" La Quina 18 discovered in 1915 by Henri-Martin It is the skull of a child of around 5 years old

In 1911 the skeleton of the "woman of Quina" was found, then in 1916 the skull of a child. In total, around ten human fossils were discovered, adults and children. They occupied the site between -71,000 and -40,000 years ago. Accompanying H5's bones, archaeologists found scrapers, points and a bola. This accumulation of objects could be a sign of a voluntary burial. Since 1986, excavations have brought to light other human remains in the Mousterian layers.

REF: QUINA18

Neanderthal skull "child of la Quina" La Quina 18

Néanderthal skull Guattari 1

Life-size bioplastic and resin reproduction of the Guattari 1 Neanderthal skull discovered in 1939 in the Guattari Cave (Monte Circeo) Italy

This skull was found inside the Grotta Guattari, in the same layer of sediment as many hyena coprolite. Signs of fracture around its right eyebrow and cheekbone and other tooth marks suggest that hyenas devoured this individual shortly after its death. Initially, it was believed to be a case of cannibalism.

Dated around 55,000 years old, cranial volume 1550 cm3

REF: CIRCEO1

Skull of a Neanderthal woman Forbes Quarry

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin, real size skull of a Neanderthal woman at Forbes Quarry

In 1848, Edmund Flint, a captain in the Royal Navy, discovered an ancient skull at Forbes Quarry in Gibraltar later identified as that of an adult female. The skull is believed to be 30,000 to 50,000 years old. It was the second Neanderthal fossil ever unearthed, following the discovery of Neanderthal remains in the Engis Caves in Belgium in 1829

REF: FORBES

Neanderthal Skull 1908 La Chapelle-aux-Saints

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the Neanderthal skull discovered in 1908 La Chapelle-aux-Saints

The La Chapelle-aux-Saints man is the first relatively complete skeleton of a Neanderthal man unearthed in France in a well-established archaeological context. It was discovered in August 1908, in a small cave in the Sourdoire valley in Corrèze, in the northeast of Périgord. Its state of preservation came from the fact that it had been the subject of a burial, one of the oldest known among humans.

Neanderthals present some archaic characteristics (bony thickening above the orbits, called supra-orbital rim; a receding forehead, absence of chin, etc.) inherited from their predecessor, as well as evolved characteristics (large brain, molars of reduced dimensions , advanced dental arch and nose...). Evolved traits may be shared with Homo sapiens

Neanderthals are often very massive and robust: 90 kg and 1.65 m on average for males and 70 kg and 1.55 m for females (some individuals would have reached 1.90 m). Their entire structure and muscular attachments suggest great physical strength. they disappeared about 29,000 years ago. Their disappearance is still partly unexplained and has given rise to numerous more or less unusual hypotheses.

skull molding size 14 high 22.5 long

REF: NEAND-R

Crâne Homme de Néandertal 1908 La Chapelle-aux-Saints)

Neanderthal Skull Le Moustier I

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin, Neanderthal skull Le Moustier I , life size

Le Moustier is a French prehistoric site which is located in the commune of Saint-Léon-sur-Vézère, on the edge of the commune of Peyzac-le-Moustier, in the department of Dordogne. The first works concerning the lower shelter are those by Otto Hauser in 1907. They allowed the unearthing of a Neanderthal skeleton in deplorable conditions: the human remains, designated by Le Moustier 1, were exhumed several times then buried in front of different scientists each time believing to be the first witnesses to the discovery. The skeleton was then sold to the Berlin Museum. Only the skull still exists, the rest of the skeleton having been destroyed at the end of the Second World War.

A study of it, initially poorly reassembled, dating from 2003, allows us to attribute it to an adolescent male Neanderthal dated around 40,000 years ago.

The upper shelter of Moustier was excavated in 1863 by the prehistorians E. Lartet and H. Christy. There they discovered an important specific lithic industry (knapped flints) which was named in 1869 the “Moustérien” by Gabriel de Mortillet, the reference in prehistory of the time.

REF: MOUST

Neanderthal Skull Shanidar I

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin skull of Neanderthal Shanidar I nicknamed “Nandy” , life size

Discovered in the Erbil province of Iraqi Kurdistan in 1957. The site notably yielded the remains of nine Neanderthals and this skull belongs to one of the four relatively complete skeletons in the cave. He was between 40 and 50 years old when he died. During his life, he had received a violent blow to the left side of the face, with fracture and crushing of the eye socket. This trauma must have left him blind, partially or completely.

REF: SHAN

Neanderthal skull of Ferrassie man

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the skull of a Neanderthal man the Ferrassie man discovered in 1909 on the Ferrassie site (France, Dordogne) The Ferrassie site (France, Dordogne) offers one of the most complete examples of collective Neanderthal burials . The first excavations were carried out there in 1896. Discovered in 1909, the Ferrassie 1 skull corresponds to the body of an adult man oriented with his head to the west. He was 1.71 m tall and must have been 40-45 years old. The skeleton's skull is one of the largest and most complete discovered to date

Size long 22 cm

REF: FERRA-R

Teshik-Tash Neanderthal child skull

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin Neanderthal child skull Teshik-Tash

Teshik-Tash is a small cave in the mountains of Central Asia 350 km southwest of Tashkent in Uzbekistan. In 1938 the site was excavated by Aleksei Okladnikov who in 1940 published his findings along with Georgii Debetz's description of the child's remains. To protect them from the war, they were sent to Franz Weidenreich in Beijing. The casts were donated to the New York Museum of Natural History. Teshik-Tash revealed Mousterian tools and the remains of a Neanderthal child aged nine or ten years. The skull highlights a large cranial capacity, a poorly developed chin, a robust brow bone, a prominent nose, a typical flat forehead. classic Neanderthals, a tall skull, a modern face structure

Size long 20cm, height 15cm, width 14cm

REF: TESHIK-R

Homo sapiens skull Mladec 1

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin homo sapiens Mladec 1 skull , life size. Discovered in Moravia, Czech Republic, in 1881

With an absolute age of approx. 31,000 years old, the skull of Mladec 1 is one of the oldest securely dated discoveries of Homo sapiens in Europe. It provides rare information on the morphology of our species in the European Upper Paleolithic

REF: MLAD

Homo sapiens Skull Cro Magnon 1868 Les Eyzies

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin Cro-Magnon skull 1868 Les Eyzies , life size, with lower jaw

of one of the skulls (cro-magnon 1) of the 5 skeletons of prehistoric men discovered in 1868 on the site of the Cro-Magnon shelter in Eyzies-de-Tayac (Dordogne, France)

In 1868, the geologist Louis Lartet carried out excavations on the site, one of the many rock shelters on the Eyzies cliff. Following the discovery of broken bones by workers working on an embankment, he discovered five skeletons associated with other fragmentary remains. Among the five skeletons, there are three men, a woman and a child, in what was probably a burial. The physical appearance of Cro-Magnon man is close to ours. Very tall, he measures between 1.80 and 2 meters. The volume of its skull is even a little greater than ours (1,600 cm² compared to 1,400 cm² for us)

size 14.5 high 21 long

REF: CRO-M-R

Homo sapiens Skull Magnon 2 woman Les Eyzies

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin skull Cro Magnon 2 Les Eyzies

Cast, life size, of one of the skulls (cro-magnon 2, probably female ) of the 5 skeletons of prehistoric men discovered in 1868 on the site of the Cro-Magnon shelter in Eyzies-de-Tayac (Dordogne, France )

In 1868, geologist Louis Lartet carried out excavations on the site, one of the many rock shelters on the Eyzies cliff. Following the discovery of broken bones by workers working on an embankment, he discovered five skeletons associated with other fragmentary remains. Among the five skeletons, there are three men, a woman and a child, in what was probably a burial. The physical appearance of Cro-Magnon man is close to ours. Very tall, he measures between 1.80 and 2 meters. The volume of its skull is even a little greater than ours (1,600 cm² compared to 1,400 cm² for us)

REF: CRO2-M-R

Crâne Homo sapiens Cro Magnon 2 femme Les Eyzies

Omo sapiens Skull woman PREDMOSTI 4

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of a skull and mandible of an adult female Omo sapiens (Central European Cro-Magnon) from a complete PREDMOSTI 4 skeleton discovered on the site of Predmosti, a village in Moravia (Czech Republic) The site was discovered in the end of the 19th century. The excavations were carried out between 1884 and 1930. The original material was lost during World War II.

In the 1990s new excavations were carried out. This is one of the most characteristic habitat deposits from the Gravettian of Central Europe. A large collective burial, made with mammoth shoulder blades, was associated with this habitat. It contained the bones of twenty individuals (8 adults and 12 children and adolescents), buried in a squatting position and covered with stones, belonging to the Predmost or Cro-Magnon race of central Europe. The Predmostí site is dated between 24,000 and 27,000 years ago.

Size long 20.5 cm

REF: PREDMOST-R

Omo sapiens Skull man PREDMOSTI 3

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of a skull and mandible of Omo sapiens Adult male (Central European Cro-Magnon) PREDMOSTI 3 discovered on the site of Predmosti, discovered in June 1894 by KJ Maska, village in Moravia ( republic Czech ) individual is aged 35 to 40 years The site was discovered in the late 19th century. The excavations were carried out between 1884 and 1930. The original material was lost during World War II.

In the 1990s new excavations were carried out. This is one of the most characteristic habitat deposits from the Gravettian of Central Europe. A large collective burial, made with mammoth shoulder blades, was associated with this habitat. It contained the bones of twenty individuals (8 adults and 12 children and adolescents), buried in a squatting position and covered with stones, belonging to the Predmost or Cro-Magnon race of central Europe. The Predmostí site is dated between 24,000 and 27,000 years ago.

REF: PREDMOST3

Asian homo sapiens skull Zhoukoudian 101

Life-size bioplastic and resin reproduction of an Asian homo sapiens skull Zhoukoudian 101 , discovered in the upper cave of Zhoukoudian (China), in 1933 with 2 other skulls and bones of around 8 individuals.

The inclusion of grave goods such as red ocher, body ornaments, bone tools and stone objects suggests ritual burial. Dated between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago.

REF: ZHOU101

Homo sapiens skull Chancelade Man

Reproduction in bioplastic and resin, real size of the skull and mandible of L'Homme de Chancelade, name given to the skeleton of a Homo sapiens discovered in 1888 in the Raymonden cave in Chancelade in Dordogne Aged between 55 and 65 years old at the time of his death , he was buried in a strongly flexed position. It was accompanied by Magdalenian material remains dating from 17,000 to 12,000 years ago.

Small in size (155 cm) he had a very high cranial capacity (1,670 cm3) and a strongly dolichocephalic skull.

Size long 20cm

REF: CHANCE-R

Crâne homo sapiens L'Homme de Chancelade

Skull of Homo Sapiens Talgai Australia

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of a Homo Sapiens Talgai skull discovered in 1886 at Talgai, Darling Downs, Queensland, Australia .

It was found after a great flood by William Naish, a sheep shearer, who was building a fence at East Talgai Station. This Pleistocene skull has been attributed to a teenager of around 15 years old. It is the first fossil found to show the early human occupation of Australia. Robust and archaic in type, it is much older than all the Aboriginal skulls discovered. until then

Severe cracks and deformations in the skull led some observers to conclude that a blow to the head was the cause of death. However, later investigation showed that the cracks were produced by the expansion and contraction of the clay soil where the skull was found

REF: TALGAI

Homo sapiens skull The Man of Combe-Capelle

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of the skull of Combe-Capelle Man discovered in 1909 during excavations led by Otto Hauser

Combe-Capelle man has long been considered to have lived in the Paleolithic, around 30,000 years ago. In 2011, an analysis of collagen extracted from one of the skull's teeth preserved in Berlin showed an age of only 8,550 years before present, corresponding to the Mesolithic

REF: COMBE

Crâne homo sapiens L'Homme de Combe-Capelle

Skull of homo sapiens Native American Kennewick man

Life-size reproduction in bioplastic and resin of a skull of homo sapiens Kennewick man It is a fossil skeleton of modern man found in 1996 on the banks of the Columbia River, near the town of Kennewick, in the Washington State United States. His interpretation was the subject of controversy. Some scientists considered that it presented anatomical features bringing it closer to Europeans rather than Asians, and that it could therefore reflect an ancient wave of population of America from Europe. In June 2015, a genetic study by a Danish-American team established that skeletal DNA was more closely related to Native American populations than to any other population in the world.

Carbon-14 dating dates it to 7600 and 7200 BC. AD

REF: KENW